LLM Benchmarks 2025: GPT vs Claude vs Gemini Compared
By Learnia Team
LLM Benchmarks 2025: GPT vs Claude vs Gemini Compared
This article is written in English. Our training modules are available in French.
The AI model landscape in late 2025 is more competitive than ever. With ChatGPT 5.2, Claude Opus 4.5, and Gemini 3 all recently released, choosing the right model requires understanding their strengths and weaknesses.
The Key Benchmarks
Before diving into comparisons, let's understand what each benchmark measures:
- →MMLU (General Knowledge) — Multi-task language understanding
- →GPQA Diamond (Science) — PhD-level reasoning
- →MATH (Mathematics) — Complex mathematical problems
- →HumanEval (Coding) — Code generation accuracy
- →SWE-bench Verified (Software Engineering) — Real-world coding tasks
- →AIME 2025 (Mathematics) — High school competition math
- →Humanity's Last Exam (General) — Hardest reasoning challenges
Head-to-Head Comparison
Overall Performance (December 2025)
AIME 2025 (Math Competition):
- →ChatGPT 5.2: 100% ✓
- →Gemini 3 Pro: 100% ✓
- →Claude Opus 4.5: 95%
SWE-bench Verified (Software Engineering):
- →Claude Opus 4.5: 80.9% ✓ (Leader)
- →Gemini 3 Pro: 76.2%
- →ChatGPT 5.2: 75.8%
GPQA Diamond (Graduate Reasoning):
- →Gemini 3 Pro: 90.4% ✓
- →Claude Opus 4.5: 89.2%
- →ChatGPT 5.2: 89.1%
HumanEval (Code Generation):
- →Claude Opus 4.5: 92.1% ✓
- →ChatGPT 5.2: 90.5%
- →Gemini 3 Pro: 88.4%
MMLU (General Knowledge):
- →ChatGPT 5.2: 91.3% ✓
- →Gemini 3 Pro: 90.2%
- →Claude Opus 4.5: 89.7%
Key Insights:
- →Claude Opus 4.5 leads in software engineering (SWE-bench)
- →Gemini 3 Pro excels at graduate-level reasoning (GPQA)
- →ChatGPT 5.2 shows balanced performance across all metrics
- →All three hit 100% on AIME 2025 math—a clear ceiling effect
Category Deep Dives
1. Coding & Software Engineering
Winner: Claude Opus 4.5
Claude's 80.9% on SWE-bench Verified represents a significant lead:
SWE-bench Verified scores:
- →Claude Opus 4.5: 80.9%
- →Gemini 3 Flash: 78.0%
- →Gemini 3 Pro: 76.2%
- →ChatGPT 5.2: 75.8%
HumanEval scores:
- →Claude Opus 4.5: 92.1%
- →ChatGPT 5.2: 90.5%
- →Gemini 3 Pro: 88.4%
- →Gemini 3 Flash: 86.2%
Notable: Gemini 3 Flash outperforms Gemini 3 Pro on agentic coding while being much faster.
2. Mathematical Reasoning
Winner: Tied (GPT 5.2 / Gemini 3)
AIME 2025 scores:
- →ChatGPT 5.2: 100%
- →Gemini 3 Pro: 100%
- →Claude Opus 4.5: 95%
MATH dataset scores:
- →Claude Opus 4.5: 95.1%
- →ChatGPT 5.2: 94.2%
- →Gemini 3 Pro: 93.8%
All models excel, but Claude slightly leads on the general MATH dataset.
3. Reasoning & Analysis
Winner: Gemini 3 Pro
GPQA Diamond scores:
- →Gemini 3 Pro: 90.4%
- →Claude Opus 4.5: 89.2%
- →ChatGPT 5.2: 89.1%
Humanity's Last Exam scores:
- →ChatGPT 5.2: 34.2%
- →Gemini 3 Pro: 33.7%
- →Claude Opus 4.5: 32.1%
Minimal differences, but Gemini edges out on graduate-level science questions.
4. Multimodal & Vision
Winner: ChatGPT 5.2
ChatGPT 5.2 claims a 50% error reduction on visual analysis compared to previous models:
- →Charts and dashboards
- →Diagrams and flowcharts
- →Software interfaces
- →Document understanding
Practical Considerations
Context Windows
- →Gemini 3 Pro: 1,048,576 tokens (over 1M) — Largest
- →Claude Opus 4.5: ~200,000 tokens
- →ChatGPT 5.2: ~128,000 tokens
For massive documents, Gemini's 1M+ context window is unmatched.
Speed & Cost
- →Fastest & Cheapest: Gemini 3 Flash
- →Fast & Medium Cost: ChatGPT 5.2 Instant
- →Medium Speed & Cost: Claude Opus 4.5 (low effort)
- →Slowest & Most Expensive: Full capability modes
Unique Strengths
ChatGPT 5.2:
- →Adobe integration
- →Instant/Thinking/Pro modes
- →50% better visual analysis
Claude Opus 4.5:
- →Computer use capabilities
- →Effort parameter for cost control
- →Claude Code desktop app
Gemini 3:
- →Thinking Level parameter
- →1M+ context window
- →Google Workspace integration
Choosing the Right Model
Use ChatGPT 5.2 When:
- →You need balanced, all-around performance
- →Visual analysis is important
- →You want Adobe suite integration
- →Mode flexibility (Instant/Thinking/Pro) matters
Use Claude Opus 4.5 When:
- →Software engineering is your primary use case
- →You need computer use/automation capabilities
- →Long-horizon coding tasks are common
- →Safety and alignment are priorities
Use Gemini 3 Pro/Flash When:
- →You're processing massive documents (1M+ tokens)
- →Google Workspace integration is valuable
- →Cost efficiency matters (Flash)
- →You need the Thinking Level control
Key Takeaways
- →No single model dominates all benchmarks — choose based on your specific needs
- →Claude Opus 4.5 leads in coding with 80.9% on SWE-bench
- →Gemini 3's 1M context window is unmatched for large documents
- →ChatGPT 5.2's visual analysis shows major improvements
- →Flash models often rival Pro versions at lower cost
Understand AI Evaluation and Safety
As models become more capable, understanding how to evaluate them—and their limitations—becomes crucial. Benchmarks only tell part of the story.
In our Module 8 — AI Ethics & Safety, you'll learn:
- →Understanding benchmark limitations and gaming
- →Evaluating models for your specific use case
- →Bias detection and mitigation
- →Hallucination prevention strategies
- →Building responsible AI systems
Module 8 — Ethics, Security & Compliance
Navigate AI risks, prompt injection, and responsible usage.